Tuesday, August 28, 2012

Fake Drugs And TB, Health Care's Silent Tragedy

Like the common flu, TB has many different strains. Treating some of these strains can be very costly, but fortunately most strains can be treated with the most widely available drugs, and which happen to cost the least. A patient in Africa, where the majority of TB cases occur, can be cured for around fifty or sixty dollars. TB cases that develop into resistant strains, and require long-term hospitalization, can cost fifteen or twenty thousand dollars, and usually end in death.

Here in the states we are faced with, "Super Bugs," viruses that are immune to widely available antibiotics. The super bugs have developed over the years primarily because patients did not follow doctors orders and complete the full treatment prescribed. They started feeling better and quit taking their medication. This allowed the remaining bug to become resistant to the medication, growing stronger as time went on, and ultimately passed onto others in a variety of ways.

The main difference though between the, "Super Bugs," in the states and TB in Africa is the drugs used in treatment themselves. In this country one can feel confident in the fact that they are ingesting quality medication, manufactured under the watchful eye of the FDA. In Africa there are no such guarantees, and fake or sub-standard medications coming from China and Africa itself, (and India to a much lesser extent,) are a common occurrence. Roughly thirty percent of the medications tested were found to be sub-standard, not having enough medication in each pill, or outright fakes. So even when the African patient follows doctor's orders to the letter there is a very good chance they may still die from the disease.

How big of a problem is this? Twenty-five percent of the world's population has TB, the vast majority of cases in Africa. TB can lay low for years and years until the carrier becomes infected with another disease such as HIV, then all bets are off. Without treatment the TB patient stands a 50-50 chance of dying, just under two million doing exactly that in 09'. This is a huge health care problem, and one if not addressed soon will likely affect other nations in the not too distant future. Never mind Obamacare as a threat to the existence of health insurance companies in the states, and first and foremost considering the loss of human life if a TB epidemic did occur here, imagine what such an epidemic would do to health insurance companies in the United States. No business, no matter their size or amount of financial reserves they may have, could withstand such a thing.

Treating TB requires quite a bit of effort on the patients part, but until something else better comes along we must insure that these patients are receiving quality medication, and thoroughly educated on the prescribed method of treatment. For fifty bucks a TB patient can save their life, but they must also ingest up to fifteen pills a day for half a year. The least we can do is remove the sub-standard and fake medications from Africa's marketplace.

Michael Higgins, the principal of Michael Higgins Insurance, has more than 30 years as a Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona health insurance broker The vast knowledge accumulated over the years makes him proficient not only in understanding your health insurance needs, but also in pointing out the differences among other Arizona health insurance plans and the numerous plans offered by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Mike_Higgins

Methods Of Diagnosing And Treating The TB Infection


Tuberculosis is an infection caused by the Koch bacillus, it primarily affects the lungs and it is contagious, healthy persons receiving the infection if living or working in the same place with the infected person. By coughing, the infected person spreads the germs into the air, and others inhale them.

One way to diagnose TB is by performing a skin test called the intra-dermal reaction of tuberculin. The person that is suspected to be or to have been infected with TB is considered to have developed a hypersensitivity to the TB germ.

The test consists in injecting into the skin a purified protein derived from the TB germ. After more then 48 hours the skin area will present a bump. If the bump is large, the test is considered to be positive, meaning that the TB infection has occurred.

Even if the test is negative, it should be repeated after a while, because the test is not a 100 percent accurate.

Another method of diagnosing TB is performing a thoracic X-Ray which shows where in the lungs is the infection localized and how greatly it is expanded.

If the suspected person coughs, doctors take the sputum and with the help of the microscope they search for the TB germs in the sputum. This is quite an accurate method of diagnosing TB.

After diagnosing TB, doctors have to test what drugs will be most efficient against the particular strain of the TB bacteria, using genetic engineering techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

To prevent the spread of TB in other people, health authorities have ordered that every child to get a shot of the bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine. This is a vaccine prepared of a weakened Tb germ, and it is considered to be the most effective vaccine in preventing childhood cases of TB.

Other general preventing methods of spreading the TB is hospitalizing the infected person, and practically isolating it from those who are healthy. Treatment must be followed at least 6 months constantly because interrupting the treatment could lead to spreading the disease in other organs, like: kidneys, intestinal tract, and lymph nodes, and even leading to the death of the infected person.

In treating TB, doctors use a combination of antibiotics because using only one drug could lead to the bacterial resistance to this drug. The drugs used nowadays are: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, in different combinations.

Generally if the treatment is followed all the way, a person can heal without problems, and reintegrate within the society in about 6 to 9 months.

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Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Groshan_Fabiola

Understanding Tuberculosis and the Treatments Involved

Tuberculosis (TB) is a transmittable disease. It is caused by a bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It was first identified in 1882 by a German physician named Robert Koch. Koch eventually received a Nobel prize for the discovery. Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs. However, the infection can spread to other organs.



TB generally spreads from person to person through the air. When a person is sick with TB and coughs, laughs, sings, sneezes, or even talk he can infect other people. Also, direct hand or mouth contact with infected saliva can spread the bacteria. That is why people suffering from TB are often isolated for the duration of their treatment to avoid contamination. TB most easily spreads in closed spaces over a long period. The TB bacteria become potent and easily make a person sick if that person exercises poor diet and an unhealthy stressed lifestyle.

Years ago, pulmonary tuberculosis patients often would pass away without effective treatment. Today, TB is one of the more easier disease to cure with antibiotics. However, one needs to understand that there is also another group of organisms known as atypical tuberculosis.

These are other types of bacteria under the Mycobacterium family. Oftentimes, these organisms do not cause disease. They would simply live together with other bacteria in the body without really causing damage. But other times, when these bacteria do cause an infection, it is similar to typical tuberculosis but very difficult to cure.

Drug therapy for these organisms must be conducted for longer periods, about one to two years and would require multiple medications. This atypical tuberculosis may be contracted through drinking unpasteurized milk.

Pulmonary tuberculosis is easily spread among people with a weakened immune system since the body is no longer capable of containing the bacteria, keeping it dormant. One preventive treatment for TB is chemoprophylaxis. It is a drug treatment performed before the disease sets in and is commonly used in children who lives with someone who has active tuberculosis.

Multiple drug medications along with proper diagnosis and health care advices are very effective in controlling the disease when followed conscientiously. The most common conventional drugs used in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis include Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrzinamide, Streptomycin, Capreomyzin, and Ethambutol. Of course, these medications should be taken upon professional medical advice. These drugs potentially dangerous.

Aside from conventional medications, there are also natural remedies used in treating pulmonary tuberculosis. One such remedy is the proteolytic enzyme known as serrapeptase, which is derived from the micro organism Serratia E15 and is naturally present in the intestines of silkworms. This particular enzyme is able to breakdown scar tissues, cysts, blood clots, inflammation, mucus, and arterial plaque of all sorts.

Other natural remedies used in the treatment of TB include digestive enzyme supplements, propolis, black seed oil, olive leaf extract, and colloidal silver.

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Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Paul_S_Fitzgerald

Wednesday, August 22, 2012

Pee on Paper to Treat TB - Here's How


Effective treatment of tuberculosis entails adhering to lengthy TB drugs regimen. To ensure that people follow through the duration of treatment scientists have found a clever way in which simply peeing on paper can lead you to comply with treatment.

Tuberculosis or TB is an airborne infectious disease that's curable. However it requires strict compliance with TB drugs for months. And many people, especially in poor countries drop out in the middle because the drugs can trigger nausea and other side effects. This in turn is leads to a relapse with drug resistant strains of bacteria, making treatment difficult. The consequences are evident from TB statistics. According to the WHO, TB afflicts millions worldwide - of the 9.2 million cases newly diagnosed in 2006, 1.7 million people succumbed to the disease.

The Pee based approach to TB treatment

Staff from the Innovations in International Health (IIH) project at MIT, recently devised a program which uses paper-based diagnostics called "XoutTB" with text-messaging technology and service to improve tuberculosis (TB) treatment compliance in poor countries.

At the heart of the program lies a rewards schedule, whereby patients complying with to the TB drug regimens consistently for 30 days are rewarded with cell-phone minutes, encouraging them further.

To track compliance, the participants are required to pee on a paper-based diagnostic equipment, which is dispensed once each day. The device is able to detect the metabolites of the TB drug in urine - accurately assessing whether the drugs were consumed or not. Also the reaction between the drug molecules in urine and the chemicals embedded in the paper devices uncover a code that the participants need to text-message to a central database. A consistent record of compliance for 30 days is rewarded with free minuets.

It's simple and hopefully will turn out to be quite effective, as the trials are still on. While the real work is still accomplished by the good old TB drugs, the pee based diagnostics are central to making that happen. Now, that's what I'd call real waste management!

Fred is a journalist with 7 years of experience. Though, as a professional He's reported on myriad topics, his favorite is the medical industry. Off late he's been working on different web portals including Themedica.com. Themedica is a comprehensive business-to-business (b2b) information portal and directory, featuring useful information for medical and health care industry professionals and businesses. It showcases resources such as trade shows, industry overviews, trade associations, global business listings, industry news, tenders, medical publications, informative articles and more that help professionals/businesses stay abreast with the latest and grow. He now blogs at Smiling Health

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Freddic_Clay

Signs, Symptoms And Treatment For Pulmonary Tuberculosis



Usually, TB is caused by bacteria that spreads to the lungs and infects that area. It can easily be spread from person to person as it is carried in air droplets and when a person sneezes or coughs, the droplets fly out of the mouth and can infect another person. This is the primary version of TB. Most of the time, people will recover from this kind of TB, particularly in the US.

When one is elderly or an infant, or someone with a very weak immune system, such as someone who has AIDS or is on chemotherapy, has diabetes, has a much higher chance of contracting it. And some people have it but it stays dormant for years and does not show up till years later. If you are in contact with people who have it or if you have a poor and unhealthy diet, then you have a higher chance of getting it. Also if you live in a very crowded area, you might also be affected with the disease. And in the entire population at large, if there is a height of HIV infections and an increase of impoverished peoples, then TB will be more likely, as well.

Some symptoms of the disease are the coughing, coughing up of blood, as well as some excess night sweats. Fatigue and lethargy will accompany a fever and you might lose lots of weight, too, if you have the disease. You will also find that it is very hard to breathe and your chest will hurt and you will wheeze and gasp for air, too. There are many different ways to diagnose the disease, such as seeing if there are enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, fluid in the lung, and crackling kind of breathing. The doctor may perform a biopsy of affected areas or even a chest CT scan or x-ray to see what is going on in your lungs. You can also have a skin test, that can determine if you have it as well. When the results come in, the doctor can gauge what part of the disease you are currently in and various treatment options are available such as rifampin and isoniazid, two drugs that are administered to help with fighting and vanquishing the TB bacteria. Both pyrazinamide and ethambutol are also drugs that are being given fight it, as they have been tested in labs as being great agents in fighting it.

However, it is very important to take all the pills given and to make sure that no matter how many are required, none are skipped or forgotten. When people forget to take some, it begins harder to fight the bacteria and then the disease remains in the body and then become resistant and then no longer can be eliminated from the body. Sometimes a health care provider or home nurse is needed to make sure that the patient takes all the medicine given, for it is essential that the medication is not forsaken and that it is consumed on a regular and diligent basis.

Roberto Sedycias works as an IT consultant for PoloMercantil

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Roberto_Sedycias

Symptoms and Treatment of Tuberculosis


Tuberculosis can affect anyone and anywhere. It is estimated that approximately 1/3 of the world's population has been infected by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Currently, tuberculosis as the third largest cause of death after cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease. Tuberculosis is a disease of the biggest causes of death in the group of infectious diseases. Until now, tuberculosis remains a global health problem and foremost.



How Tuberculosis Infection?

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease cause by mycobacterium tuberculosis germ. Tuberculosis (TB) is transmitted through the air (through the spark sputum tuberculosis patients). When people with TB getting cough, sneeze, talk or spit, they sprinkled the tuberculosis bacteria into the air. A person can be exposed by inhaling the bacteria only a small number of tuberculosis germs. In children the source of infection is generally derived from adult patients with TB. Patients with tuberculosis with status of positive acid-fast bacilli can infect at least 10 to 15 people every year.

These bacteria when frequently enter and accumulate in the lungs will develop well into a lot and can be spread through blood vessels or lymph nodes. Therefore, infection of TB can infect virtually all body organs like the lungs, brain, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, bone, lymph nodes, and others. Organs are often infected with tuberculosis bacteria is the lungs.

Someone who is infected with TB germs do not necessarily become ill TB. Tuberculosis germs can become inactive (dormant) for many years to form a cell wall in the form of a thick layer of wax. When a person's immune system declines, likely contracted the illness tuberculosis becomes greater.

Does tuberculosis clinical symptoms?

The main symptoms of patients with tuberculosis are coughing up phlegm for 2 to 3 weeks or more. Cough followed by additional symptoms of phlegm mixed with blood, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, body weakness, decreased appetite, weight loss, malaise, night sweats without physical activity, fever more than 1 month. These symptoms can also be found in lung diseases other than tuberculosis, such as bronchitis, asthma, lung cancer and others.

What is Tuberculosis Test?

In children tuberculin test is most useful examination to show whether the child is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. But it is often done Monteux test. Monteux test injection site is generally on the upper half left forearm. That is injected into the skin and in wait for 48 ~ 72 hours ago in measuring the diameter of the swelling that occurs.

Treatment of tuberculosis

Treatment of tuberculosis is very old that is 6 till 9 months even more than 9 months. Patients with tuberculosis can be cured by taking drugs completely and regularly and to improve the immune system with good nutrition and regular exercise.

Nunung Annas Azhari is author of Health and Fitness Blog

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Nunung_Azhari

Saturday, August 11, 2012

Treatment For Chlamydia: What Are Your Options?


Treatment for Chlamydia is most often antibiotics, everyone will be given antibiotics regardless of test results, usually you are given these at the time of your test.

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI), more often than not people do not realize they have Chlamydia. This can cause other health problems when left untreated for a period of time.

The antibiotics that are usually prescribe are: 

Azithromycin, this is a one dose medication.
Doxycycline, two capsules daily for one week,
Ofloxacin, two to three capsules daily for 7 - 14 days,
Amoxicillin, two capsules daily for 14 days,
Erythromycin, two capsules twice daily for 7 - 14 days
.
Antibiotics are given to suit the individual needs, this could be due to pregnancy or allergy to medications. If the antibiotics are consumed as directed by your doctor they can be 97% effective

Side effects of these antibiotics include: 

Stomach cramps,
Feeling and being sick,
Diarrhoea,
Doxycycline can cause a mild rash to form, also you may experience sensitivity to light.
If you are high risk of having caught Chlamydia, treatment will be given to you on the day of your test.

You could be considered at risk if: 

Your partner has got Chlamydia,
If you have more than 1 sexual encounter without using a condom,
If during intercourse the condom split.
If you are confirmed as having Chlamydia, you are asked to let all of your previous partners over the past 6 months know that they should go and have a Chlamydia test. If you are not able to contact any of your previous partners the test clinic may be able to contact them on your behalf.

If either you or your partner have Chlamydia it is important that you refrain from sexual activity, until the treatment is finished, if you do have intercourse during this time you could potentially be infecting someone.

Some of the symptoms of Chlamydia in women are: 

Stinging sensation when urinating,
Offensive discharge,
Tummy ache,
Pain and bleeding through intercourse,
Slight bleeding after intercourse,
Irregular or heavy periods.
Symptoms of Chlamydia in men are: 

Cloudy discharge from the penis end throughout the day,
Stinging sensation when urinating,
Testicular pains.
If Chlamydia is left untreated in a woman, they are at risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease, this disease can scar the fallopian tubes. In severe cases this can cause infertility. Also they are more at risk of suffering a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. If left untreated in a man, this disease can cause inflammation of the testicles and possible infertility.

Chlamydia can also infect the anus, eyes and throat. The symptoms include: 

Pain in the anus area,
Anal discharge,
Pain in the eyes,
Swelling around the eyes,
Itchy eyes due to irritation,
Sticky discharge from the eyes.
Chlamydia rarely affects the throat, in those few cases no symptoms are know.

Treatment for Chlamydia is extremely effective, the overall success rate is 97 %. The Chlamydia test can be uncomfortable but it does not hurt. If you relax it is often over within 10 minutes. Do your best to try and prevent the spread of Chlamydia and wear a condom for every sexual encounter. By simply ensuring that you are always protected will ensure you drastically reduce the chances of you catching this disease.

It is important that you understand that the best method is prevention instead of trying to find a cure, but if you feel that you may have this disease, then it's important that you visit a doctor as soon as possible. This disease is highly contagious so it should never be left untreated as it will only get worse.

For further information on Treatment For Chlamydia then please visit my health ezines site for detailed information not only on this disease but many other health related topics.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Marcus_Maloney
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